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初一英语基础知识点归纳总结

发表时间:2024-12-31

初一英语基础知识点归纳总结(汇编八篇)。

总结是事后对某一阶段的学习、工作或其完成情况加以回顾和分析的一种书面材料,它可以有效锻炼我们的语言组织能力,因此我们需要回头归纳,写一份总结了。总结你想好怎么写了吗?下面是小编精心整理的初中英语知识点总结,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

初一英语基础知识点归纳总结 篇1

本册所学的形容词不多,注意拼法和反义词

big (small) long (short) sad (happy) boring (interestingfunny ) exciting difficult

relaxing great healthy old (new) successful white (black)

初一英语基础知识点归纳总结 篇2

1. this/that/these/those

(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,those时that的复数形式。例如:You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子。

I want this car, not that car.我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。

Take these books to his room, please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。

This is mine; that’s yours.这个是我的,那个是你的。

These are apples; those are oranges.这些是苹果,那些是橘子。

(2)在打电话的用语中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是对方。例如:

This is Mary speaking. Who’s that?我是玛丽。你是谁?

2. in/on

在表示空间位置时,in表示在某个空间的范围以内,on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。

例如:There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。

3. There be/ have

There be "有",其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是:There be +某人或某物+表示地点或时间的状语。There be后面的名词实际上是主语,be动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is,名词是复数时用are。例如:

(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。

(2) There is a doll in the box.那个盒子里有个娃娃。

(3) There are many apples on the tree.那树上有许多苹果。

总之,There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有,占有,具有",即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:

(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。

(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。

4. look/ see/ watch

(1)look表示“看、瞧”,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒对方注意。,如:

Look! The children are playing computer games.瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。

Look! What’s that over there?看!那边那个是什么?

单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人/物,其后接介词at,才能带宾语,如:

He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。

(2)see强调“看”的结果,着重的是look这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”,see是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。如:

What can you see in the picture?你能在图上看到什么?

Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?

(3)watch“观看,注视”,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如:

Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。

5. house/ home/family

house:“房子”,指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“,“家庭成员”。例如:Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午请到我家来。

He is not at home.他不在家。My family all get up early.我们全家都起得很早。

6. fine, nice, good, well

四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于:

(1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细",形容人时表示的是"身体健康",也可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如:Your parents are very fine.你父母身体很健康。

Thats a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器Its a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好时候。

(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表,有"美好","漂亮"的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。

例如:Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。

Nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。Its very nice of you.你真好。

(3)good形容人时指"品德好",形容物时指"质量好",是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如:Her son is a good student.她儿子是一个好学生。

The red car is very good.那辆红色小汽车很好。

(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好",但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如:Im very well, thanks.我身体很好,谢谢。

My friends sing well.我的朋友们歌唱得好。

7. Thats right./ That‘s all right./ All right.

That’s right意为“对的”,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断。例如:"I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。"

"Thats right."或"Youre right.""说得对"。

That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如:

"Many thanks." "Thats all right." "Sorry. Its broken." "Thats all right."

All right.意为“行了”、“可以”,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”

"Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。" "All right.""好吧。"

Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗?

8. make/do

这两个词都可以解释为“做”,但含义却不同,不能混用。make指做东西或制东西,do指做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me?你能为我做个纸船吗?

He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。

9. say/speak/talk/tell

say:是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”、“说道”,着重所说的话。如:

“I want to go there by bus” , he said .他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .请用英语说。

speak : “说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接接宾语) 。如:Can you speak about him?你能不能说说他的情况?I don’t like to speak like this.我不喜欢这样说话。

speak作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。

如:She speaks English well.她英语说得好。

talk :与speak意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,不过,talk暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话。如:I would like to talk to him about it .我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。

tell : “告诉”,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。

tell a lie撒谎tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth如:.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.

10. do cooking/ do the cooking

do cooking作“做饭”解,属泛指。do the cooking特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词,不能用作复数,但前面可用some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语:do some washing洗些衣服do some shopping买些东西do some reading读书do some writing写些东西do some fishing钓鱼

从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用some, much或定冠词。

go shopping去买东西go fishing去钓鱼go boating去划船go swimming去游泳

11. like doing sth./ like to do sth.

like doing sth.与like to do sth.意思相同,但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:

He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球,但是他不喜欢和李明踢。

12. other/ others/ the other/ another

other表其余的,别的,如:Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?

others别的人,别的东西.如:In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。

the other表另一个(二者之中)one…,the other…如:One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。

another表三者以上的另一个,另一些如:There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。

13. in the tree/ on the tree

in the tree与on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要使用on the tree.如:There are some apples on the tree.那棵树上有些苹果。There is a bird in the tree.那棵树上有只鸟。

14. some/ any

some和any既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。

(1)some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:

There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.

(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用some。如:Would you like some tea?

15. tall/ high

(1)说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用tall,不用high,例如a tall woman一个高个子妇女a tall horse一个高大的马

(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,例如:He is high up in the tree.他高高地爬在树上。 The plane is so high in the sky.飞机在空中这么高。

(3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以,不过high的程度比tall高。

(4)high可作副词,tall不能。

(5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.

16. can/ could

(1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的"能力"。例如:

Can you ride a bike?你会骑自行车吗?What can I do for you?要帮忙吗?Can you make a cake?你会做蛋糕吗?

(2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如:

Where can he be?他会在什么地方呢?Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗?

It surely cant be six oclock already?不可能已经六点钟了吧?

You cant be hungry so soon,Tom,youve just had lunch.汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭。

What can he mean?他会是什么意思?

在日常会话中,can可代替may表示"允许",may比较正式。例如:You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。

--- Can I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗?--- Of course,you can.当然可以。

You can have my seat,Im going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。

(3) could

could是can的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中)。例如:

The doctor said he could help him.(能力)医生说他能帮助他。

Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力)当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。

At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。

could可代替can表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例如:

Could I speak to John,please?我能和约翰说话吗?

Could you?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:Could you wait half an hour?请你等半个小时好吗?Could you please ring again at six?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?

(4) can的形式

只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来时)须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。

例如:They have not been able to come to Beijing.他们没有能到北京来。

17. look for/ find

look for意为“寻找”,而find意为“找到,发现”,前者强调“找”这一动作,并不注重“找”的结果,而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如:She can’t find her ruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。

Tom is looking for his watch,but he can’t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。

18. be sleeping/ be asleep

be sleeping表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉”;be asleep表示状态,意思是“睡着了”。

如:---What are the children doing in the room?孩子们在房间里做什么?---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。

The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。

19. often/ usually/sometimes

often表示"经常",sometimes表示"有时候",在表示发生频率上often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词(be动词,情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气,则放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时,我睡觉很早。

He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。

20. How much/ How many

how much常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是How much is / are…?

How much is the skirt?这条裙子多少钱?How much are the bananas?这些香蕉多少钱?

how much后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,how many后加可数名词的复数形式。

How much meat do you want?你要多少肉呀?How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少人?

21. be good for/ be good to/ be good at

be good for表示"对……有好处",而be bad for表示"对……有害";be good to表示"对……友好",而be bad to表示"对……不好";be good at表示"擅长,在……方面做得好",而be bad at表示"在……方面做得不好"。

如:Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。

Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。

Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。

The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。

Li Lei is good at drawing, but Im bad at it.李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。

22. each/ every

each和every都有"每一个"的意思,但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼,every从整体着眼。each可用于两者或两者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上。

如:We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书。There are trees on each side of the street.街的两旁有树。

He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。

each可以用作形容词、副词和代词;every只能用作形容词。如:Each of them has his own duty.他们各人有各人的'义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。

23.一般现在时/现在进行时

一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力,还有自然现象;而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为am/is /are/+doing)。

I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作业。Im doing my homework now.我现在正在做作业。

现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment或Look, listen等词连用;而一般现在时常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。

We often clean the classroom after school.我们经常放学后打扫教室。

Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看!他们正在打扫教室呢。

24. put on/ / in

put on意为“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。

in是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如:

It’s cold outside, put on your coat.外面冷,穿上你的外衣。

He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子,走了出去。

The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。

初一英语基础知识点归纳总结 篇3

句子成分

1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。

2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。

3.宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。

4.系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如be,感官系动词(look, sound, smell,

taste和feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay和remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn和go)等。

5.表语:紧跟系动词后面的'成分。

6.定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。

7.状语:修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。

8.补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。

例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(You是主语,should

keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)

This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。(This kind of

food是主语,tastes是系动词,delicious是表语。)

初一英语基础知识点归纳总结 篇4

1、名词的复数

(1)、一般的直接加s,如desk(desks) 、pen(pens) 、ruler(rulers)

(2)、以x 、s、ch、sh结尾的`加es如box(boxes)、class(classes)、watch(watches)等

(3)、以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i加es,如family ,comedy,documentary等

(4)、以0结尾的名词,有生命的加es如:tomato(tomatoes) 、potato (potatoes );没有生命的加s,如

photo(photos)、piano(pianos)、zero(zeros)

2、名词所有格在名词的后边加’s ,表示后面的名词属于前面的名词所有,如LiLei’s bag Tom’s desk 、her mother’s brother

3、专用名词的大写

如English、Brown 、Rush 、Sunday 、January 、December、 Beijing Opera

初一英语基础知识点归纳总结 篇5

1、speak的用法speak与say不同:speak表示“说”的动作,不表示“说”的内容;say则表示“说”的内容。speak后面除了能接“语言”外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示“对。说”。

help sb.with sth.(帮助某人做/补习、want to do sth.(想要做某事、would like to do all(一点都不、;Not at all.(没关系/别介意、like...a lot=like...very much

2、some和any的.区别:口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:I have some money.I dont have any money.Do you have any money?

3、have a seat=take a seat(请随便坐、

4、祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子、祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Dont开头。例如:Dont go there!

5、问职业:What does sb.do?What is sb.?Whats sb.s job?

6、work与job的区别:work是未必有报酬的“工作”,例如homework,housework;而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。

7、on指在物体的。表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:on the desk/wall/farm/play ground 8、in hospital(住院、;in the hospital(在医院里、look after(照料/照顾/照看、help oneself(请自便/随便吃、

9、表示“建议”的句型:“做某事如何?”Whatabout(doing)sth.?

英式英语、Howabout(doing)sth.?

美式英语、Whydontyoudosth.?=Whynotdosth.?

10、“吃”一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/lunch/supper have...forbreakfast/lunch/supper take ones order be kind to sb.

初一英语基础知识点归纳总结 篇6

一、陈述句:

陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。

Tom has a new car.汤姆有辆新车。

The flower isn’t beautiful.这花不美。

二、陈述句否定式的构成

1.如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。

He is playing the guitar.他正在弹吉他。(肯定)

He is not playing the guitar.他不在弹吉他。(否定)

We can get there before dark.天黑前我们能够到达那里。(肯定)

We can’t get thee before dark.天黑前我们不能到达那里。(否定)

2.如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。

He plays the violin well.他小提琴拉的很好。(肯定)

He doesn’t play the violin well.他小提琴拉的不好。(否定)

She won the game.她赢得了比赛。588.es(肯定)

She didn’t win the game.她没赢比赛。(否定)

三、祈使句:

祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。

1.肯定的祈使句:

(1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。

Be quiet.请安静。

You be quiet!你给我安静点!

(2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。

Do come back at once!务必立即返回!

Do be careful.务必小心。

(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分分开。

Open the window,please.请打开窗户。

(4)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。

Let Jack wait a minute.让杰克等一会。

Let’s go to school.我们上学去吧。

(5)在祈使句中,Let’s和Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者,而Let us不包括说话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。

Let’s go skating,shall we?咱们去溜冰吧,好吗?(表示内部的建议)

Let us try again,will you?让我们再试一次,好吗?(表示向别人发出请求)

一、一般疑问句:

(1)一般疑问句的肯定形式

一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have(有)开始,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句,一般疑问句读时通常用升调。

Do you know Mr.Smith?你认识史密斯先生吗?

Can you swim?你会游泳吗?

(2)一般疑问句的否定结构

①在一般疑问句的否定结构中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t,则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be,have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中,一般都采用简略式。

②与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用no加否定结构。

Aren’t you a football fan?你不是足球迷吗?

Yes,I am.是的,我是。

No,I am not.不,我不是。

Won’t she like it?她会不喜欢吗?

Yes,she will.是的,她会(喜欢)的。

No,she won’t.不,她不会(喜欢)的。

二、特殊疑问句

用疑问代词疑问形容词或疑问副词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,读时用降调。588.es

常见的疑问代词有what,which,who,whom,whose

常见的疑问形容词有what,which,whose

常见的疑问副词有when,where,why,how

三,选择疑问句:

选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接,or前面的部分读升调,or后面的部分读降调。

选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而必须具体的选择答复。

Is your bag yellow or black?It’s black.。

Would you like some tea or coffee?Either will do.。

Which do you like better,singing or dancing?I like dancing better.

四,反意疑问句:

反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句,问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。

(1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。

I am your teacher,aren’t I?我是你的老师,对吗?

He didn’t study hard,did he?他学习不努力,对吗?

(2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定代词或形容词,如nothing,none no one,nobody,neither,few,little等,则附加问句只能用肯定式。如:

They hardly write to each other,do they?他们几乎不给对方写信,是吗?

He has found nothing,has he?他什么也没有找到,是吗?

Few people knew the secret,did they?很少有人知道这个秘密,是吗?

(3)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况,若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”,而译成汉语时,则必须把yes译“不是”,把no译成“是的”。

You won’t be away for long,will you?你不会离开太久,是吗?

Yes,I will.不,我会离开很久。No,I won’t.是的,我不会离开很久。

I don’t think she’ll come by bike,will she?我认为她不会骑自行车,会吗?

Yes,she will.不,她会骑自行车来。No,she won’t.是的,她不会骑自行车来。

五,掌握由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别

感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词。

1.what引导的感叹句:

(1)what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

What a beautiful city it is!多么美丽的一个城市啊!

What an interesting story she told!她讲了一个多么有趣的故事啊!

(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

What expensive watches they are!多贵的手表啊!

What terrible weather it is!多么恶劣的天气啊!

2.How引导的感叹句:

(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

How cold it is!多冷啊!

How hard he works!他工作多么努力啊!

(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)

How he loves his son!他多么爱他的儿子啊!

How I miss you!我多想你啊!

(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)

How tall a tree it is!多么高的一棵树啊!

How they cried!他们哭得多伤心啊!

(一)掌握时间和条件状语从句中的时态与主句时态的搭配

(1)时间状语从句:

引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when(当……时候),while(当,在……过程中),since(自从……以来),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),tell/until(直到……时),as soon as(一……就)。如果主句为一般将来时,则时间状语从句只能用一般现在时表示将来的意义。

He was reading the newspaper when I came in.当我进来时,他正在读报纸。

Keep an eye on my cat while I am away.我不在时,请照看一下我的猫。

Don’t talk so loud while others are studying.别人学习时不要大声说话。

It has been five years since she went abroad.她出国已有五年了。

He died before his son came back.他在他儿子回来之前就去世了。

I’ll show him around our factory as soon as he arrives.他一到达我就领他参观我们的工厂。

I’ll tell him about it as soon as I see him.我一见到他就告诉他。

(2)条件状语从句:引导条件状语从句的从属连词是if(如果)。如果主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句只能用一般现在时。

If you stay at home,I’ll go.如果你呆在家里,我就走。

If we don’t get up early,we won’t catch the train.如果我们不早起,我们就赶不上火车。

(二)掌握宾语从句的语序及其时态与主句时态的呼应

(1)宾语从句的语序:

宾语从句的语序一律使用陈述语序。尤其是在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时必须特别注意:

当宾语从句原为陈述句时,用that引导,语序不变。(注意时态的一致)

Tom isn’t a good student.The teacher told us…→

The teacher told us Tom wasn’t a good student.老师告诉我们汤姆不是一个好学生。

He has given up smoking.She said…→

She said he had given up smoking.她说他已经戒烟了。

当宾语从句原为一般疑问句时,用whether或if连接,语序变为陈述语序。

Is Jim a doctor?I wonder…→

I wonder whether Jim is a doctor.我想知道吉姆是否是个医生。

Does she dance well?Can you tell me…→

Can you tell me if she dances well?你能告诉我她舞跳的`是否好吗?

当宾语从句原为特殊疑问句时,特殊疑问词即为连接词,语序变为陈述语序。

She asked me where you were going.她问我你去哪里。

She wondered what he wanted to do.她不知道他想干什么。

(2)宾语从句的时态:

宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致。

如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时和现在完成时),宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态。

I am wondering whether he has come or not.我不知道他是否已经来了。(现在完成时)

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.请告诉我什么时候开会。(一般将来时)

I don’t know who they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论谁。(现在进行时)

I have heard the window was broken by John.我已经听说窗户是被约翰打破的。

如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态(即一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时或过去完成时等)

He said he would kill her.他说他会杀了她。(过去将来时)

She told us Lucy had returned home.她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了。(过去完成时)

Mary was wondering who could answer the question.

玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。(一般过去时)

I didn’t told them where you were having the meeting.

我没有告诉他们你们正在哪儿开会。(过去进行时)

如果宾语从句表示的是科学其理、客观事实或格言警句等,则不管这句是何种时态,从句一律用一般现在时。

Granny told me that the earth moves around the sun.奶奶告诉我地球围绕太阳转。

She said a friend in need is a friend indeed.她说患难朋友才是真正的朋友。

(三)了解定语从句的构成基本形式及基本用法

(1)定语在句中是用来修饰名词或代词的,一般由形容词或与之相当的其它词类来充当。如果起修饰作用的是一个句子的时候,就叫作定语从句。但定语从句不是象形容词那样放于名词前,而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词。588.es

(2)定语从句的引导词有关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why,how。

1.that的先行词可以是人也可以是物。

A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。

I like the book(that)you lent me yesterday.我喜欢你昨天借给我的那本书。

2.which的先行词只能是物。

The book shop is a shop which sells book.书店是销售书的商店。

The book(which)I read last night was wonderful.我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。

3.who在定语从句中作主语;whom是who的宾格,在定语从句中作宾语;而whose则是形容词性物主代词,在从句中作定语。

The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend

昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。

Whos that woman(whom)you just talked to?

你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?

This is our classmate,Mary,whose home is not far from our school.

这是我们的同学玛丽,她的家离我们学校不远。

4.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.那是我们曾经住了十年的房子。

=That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.

(3)除关系代词外,还有关系副词when,where,why等也能引导定语从句。

1.when用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall

我永远也不会忘记我第一次到达长城的那天。

2.where则指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

This is the house where the old man lives.这就是那位老人住的房子。

3.why用来指原因,作原因状语。

That’s the reason why he didn’t come yesterday.那就是他昨天为什么没有来的原因。

初一英语基础知识点归纳总结 篇7

1. …as soon as…一…就…

Mary一见到她弟弟就会告诉他这个消息。

Mary will tell her brother this message as soon as he sees him.

我们一到那儿就去爬山了。

We went climbing as soon as we arrived / got / reached there.

2. as + adj./adv.+ as… …和…一样(的/地)…

not as(so)…as… …不如/不比… ….

李雷和吉母跑得一样快。

Li Lei runs as fast as Jim.

约翰和你的年龄不一样大。

John is not as (so) old as you.

这部电视剧不如那部有趣。(TV series)

This TV series is not as (so) interesting as that one.

3. as +adj./adv.+ as possible尽可能…的/地…

我们在英语课上应该尽可能地多讲英语。

We should speak English as much as possible in English class.

你能不能尽可能慢一些读这个句子?

Can you read the sentence as slowly as possible?

4. ask sb for sth向某人要求某物

当你迷路时,你可以向警察需求帮助。

When you get lost, you can ask the police for help.

一些学生经常向父母要钱去玩电子游戏。(video games)

Some students often ask their parents for money to play video games.

他向父母要一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

He asked his parents for a bicycle as his birthday present.

5. ask/ tell sb. (how) to do sth询问/告诉某人如何做某事

许多学生经常问老师如何才能学好英语。

Many students often ask their teachers how to learn English well.

让我来告诉你如何发邮件。

Let me tell you how to send an e-mail.

6. ask / tell /want sb (not) to do sth.要求(让)/告诉/想要某人做(不做)某事

护士告诉我服用此药需一日三次,饭后服用。

The nurse told me to take this medicine three times a day after meals.

老师经常告诉我要更加努力地学习。

The teacher often tells me to study harder.

他让我不要再犯同样的错误。

He asked me not to make the same mistake again.

7. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth使/让某人做(不做)某事

他使得孩子哭得很厉害。

He made the child cry loudly.

昨天他使我在影院门口等了很长时间。

He made me wait for long (for a long time) at the gate of the cinema yesterday.

直到我们做完了作业,妈妈才让我们去玩球。

Mother didn’t let us play football until we finished our homework.

那个老板迫使工人们每天工作10小时。

That boss made the workers work (for) ten hours a day.

8. be afraid of doing / to do/that害怕/不敢做某事

这个小女孩不敢晚上出去。

The little girl is afraid to go out in the evening / at night.

他害怕独自呆在家里。

He is afraid of staying at home alone.

许多人担心他们会失去工作。(be afraid that)

Many people are afraid that they will lose their jobs.

9. be busy with sth. / doing sth.忙于某事/做某事

现在学生们忙于准备考试。

Now students are busy preparing for the exams.

昨天下午妈妈都在忙着做家务。(两种)

Mother was busy with housework yesterday afternoon.

Mother was busy doing housework yesterday afternoon.

10. be famous / late /ready / sorry for sth.

因…而著名/ (做)…迟到了/晚了/为…准备/为…而抱歉

如果你不快点,你就会上班迟到。

If you don’t hurry, you will be late for work.

杭州以丝绸而出名。

Hangzhou is famous for silk.

我们已经准备好迎接奥运会了。

We have been ready for the Olympic Games.

我为我的错误而抱歉。

I am sorry for my mistake.

11. be glad that很高兴…

我很高兴你能来参加晚会。

I am very glad that you can come to the evening party.

老师很高兴我们班得了第一名。

The teacher was very glad that our class was the first / won the first prize.

12. give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tell / offer sth to sb

buy/give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/ tell sb. sth

给某人某物;给某人看某物;给某人带来某物;借给某人某物;送给某人某物;递给某人某物;把某事告诉给某人;主动给某人某物

请递给我一张纸。

Please pass me a piece of paper.

=Please pass a piece of paper to me.

请把你的画给我看看。

Please show me your picture.

=Please show your picture to me

他借给我一辆自行车。

He lent me a bike.

=He lent a bike to me.

别忘了下次来给我带点儿钱。

Don’t forget to bring me some money when you come here next time.

= Don’t forget to bring some money to me when you come here next time.

13. either…or…或…或…,不是…就是…,要么…要么…

不是你,就是他是对的。

Either you or he is right. V.就近原则

每个周末,我们要么去公园,要么呆在家里。

We either go to a park or stay at home every weekend. (at/on weekends.)

要了解世界,人们既可以读报纸,也可以看电视。

People can either read newspapers or watch TV to get to know the world.

14. neither…nor…既不…也不…,两者都不…

我和他都没有读过这本书。

Neither he nor I have ever read this book. V.就近原则

这个女孩已经十岁了,但她既不会读书,也不会写字。

The girl is already ten, but she can neither read nor write.

15. enjoy/ finish/mind/ keep/ practise/go on doing sth.

享受做…之乐;做完某事;介意做某事;一直做某事;练习做某事;继续做…

我们应该经常练习讲英语。

We should often practice speaking English.

我奶奶一直坚持早晨锻炼身体已经有十年了。

My grandma has kept doing exercise in the morning for ten years.

16. find /think / feel + it + adj. (for sb.)to do sth.发现/认为/觉得做某事如何

越来越多的人发现吃太多汉堡包不利于健康。

More and more people have found it unhealthy to eat too many hamburgers.

很多大学生发现在大学中交友很难。

A lot of students have found it very hard to make friends at college.

17. get + adj.的比较级+ and + adj.的比较级变得越来越…

地球变得越来越暖和了。

It gets warmer and warmer on the earth.

春天到了,天气变得越来越热了。

Spring is coming and it’s getting warmer and warmer.

北京变得越来越美丽了。

Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.

18. The + adj./adv.的比较级,the + adj./adv.的.比较级。越...,就越…。

天气越冷,人们穿得就越多。

The colder it is, the more people wear.

我们种的树越多,空气就会越干净。

The more trees we plant, the cleaner the air will be.

英语,我们练习得越多,说得就越好。

The more we practice speaking English, the better we can speak.

你越强健,患感冒的机会就越少。

The stronger you are, the less chance you will catch a cold.

19. It is +序数词+ adj./adv.的最高级+ n.

黄河是中国第二长的河流。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

他是我们班跑得第二快的。

He runs the second fastest in our class.

20. one of the +最高级+ n. (pl.)是最…之一者

姚明是世界上最好的篮球运动员之一。

Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in the world.

三亚是中国最美丽的城市之一。

Sanya is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

初一英语基础知识点归纳总结 篇8

一,表示并列关系的连词有:

and,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also,as well as

1.and“和,并且”,连接对等的词句。(在否定句中要用or连接。)

I like physics and chemistry.我喜欢物理和化学。

I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜欢物理和化学。

2.both…and“……和……都”

Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和玛丽都去看电影了。

Exercise is good both for body and for mind.运动有益于身心。

3.neither…nor两者皆不

He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽烟又不喝酒。

I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜欢游泳,又不喜欢溜冰。

4.either…or不是…就是…,或者…或者….。

Either you come to the office now,or wait for me at home.

你要么现在到办公室来,要么就在家等着。

Either he or I will leave.不是他就是我将要离开。

5.not only…but(also)不但……而且……(not only…but also中的also可以省略。)

Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她错了,我也错了。

He not only made a promise,but kept it.他不仅许诺,而且做到了。

6.as well as也、又

We will rescue Henry as well as you.除了你,我们还要营救亨利。

He likes basketball as well as football.除了足球,他还喜欢篮球。

二、常用的从属连词:

(一)引导时间状语从句的连词有:when,while,since,until,after,before,as soon as

1.when当……时

When we got there,the meeting had begun.我们到时,会议已经开始了。

It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到达车站时,正在下雨。588.es

2.while正当……时,正在……时。(while引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常常用进行时。

Don’t make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造噪音。

She sang while she was walking.她边走边唱。

3.since自从

It’s just a month since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚好一月了。

My mother has been ill since I left home.自从我离开家我妈妈就一直生病。

4.until直到……为止

Until you told me,I knew nothing at all about it.在我告诉我之前,我对此之外无所知。

He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到会议开始他才露面。

5.before在……之前

after在……之后

I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到达之后给你打电话。

Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要说再见。

6.as soon as一……就

I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。

Please tell him as soon as you see him.你一看见他就请告诉他。

(二)引导原因状语从句的连词:because,since,as,for,now that

1.because因为(because与so不能并用。)

I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest.我不能信任他,因为他不诚实。

She didn’t come because she didn’t know it.她没有来,因为她不知道。

2.since既然

Since he says so,it must be true.既然他这么说,那一定是真的。

Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然问,我就告诉你。

3.as因为,由于

As we are hungry,let’s have supper.由于大家饿了,我们就吃晚饭吧。

Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.

由于天越来越黑,妈妈开始为哥哥着急。

4.for因为

We cant go for it is raining.我们不能走,因为正在下雨。

I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.

我在晚会上玩得很尽兴,因为所有的'个人我都很熟悉。

5.now that既然

Now that he is unhappy,let’s leave him alone.既然他不高兴,我们就让他自己呆着吧。

Now that she feels sorry,please forgive her.既然她很后悔,就请原谅她吧。

(三)引导结果状语从句:so…that,such…that

1.so…that如此……以致

She is so tired that he can’t go any further.她太累了,不能再走了。

She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole.这猫太大了钻不进这洞。

2.such…that如此……以致

It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.这地方太美了,令我留恋返。

It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.

天气这么好,许多人都到公园里来玩乐。

(四)引导目的状语从句的连词:so that,in order that以便

They hurried so that they can get there on time.他们加快了速度,为的是能够按时到达。

I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.为了去钓鱼,我租了条小船。

(五)引导比较状语从句的连词:than,as…as

He is taller than his brother.他比他兄弟高。

She could draw as well as her teacher.她能画得跟她的老师一样好。

(六)引导让步状语从句的连词:though,although(though与although的用法基本一样)

Although it rained hard,he still went out.尽管雨下得很大,他还是出去了。

Even though I have enough time,I don’t want to go there with him.

尽管我有时间,可我并不想跟他去那。